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diff --git a/riemann.fmi.uni-sofia.bg/ngetty/index.html b/riemann.fmi.uni-sofia.bg/ngetty/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e53767 --- /dev/null +++ b/riemann.fmi.uni-sofia.bg/ngetty/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,307 @@ +<html> +<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css"> +<title>ngetty</title> +<body> + +<div class="top"> +<ul class="nav"> + <li><a href="all.html">All files</a> +</ul> + +<h1>ngetty - one daemon for all virtual consoles</h1> +<div class="endtop"></div> +</div> + +<table> +<ul> +<td> +<li> + <a href=/ngetty/old/ngetty-1.0.tar.gz> + ngetty-1.0.tar.gz</a> (old) +</li><li> + <a href=/ngetty/ngetty-1.1.tar.gz> + ngetty-1.1.tar.gz</a> (stable) +</li><li> + <a href=all.html>Index</a> +</li> +</ul> + +</td><td> +<ul> +<li> + Manual <a href=/ngetty/ngetty.man> page</a> +</li><li> + Other <a href=/ngetty/pr_other.html> programs</a> +</li><li> + Binary <a href=/ngetty/binary/> packages</a> +</li> +</ul> + +</td><td> +<ul> +<li> + Recent <a href=News.txt>news</a> +</li><li> + Security <a href=guarantee.html>guarantee</a> +</li> +</ul> +</td> + +</table> + +<h2>About</h2> +<b>ngetty</b> is a daemon that starts login sessions on virtual console +terminals, on demand. It is a good replacement for all those getty +processes started from init that, most of the time, are only taking up +memory. When compiled statically with dietlibc, the ngetty binary +size is only about 2k and uses considerably less +<a href="pr_other.html#Memory">memory</a> +than a getty. See pstree <a href=ps_tree>here</a>. +<a name="Resources"> +<pre> +riemann$ ps uww -C ngetty +USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND +root 145 0.0 0.0 8 8 ? Ss Jan05 0:00 ngetty 1 2 3 4 +</pre> +</a> + +Ngetty is designed to stop including <b>getty-like</b> code +in init programs. +<br> +I used source and ideas from +<a href=http://sites.google.com/site/anbadeol/logind>logind</a>. +Many thanks, Andre! + +<p> +<a name=List> +There is a +mailing list +for ngetty. To subscribe, +send an empty message +to <br> +<font size=+1> +<a href= +mailto:ngetty-subscribe@riemann.fmi.uni-sofia.bg +> +ngetty-subscribe@riemann.fmi.uni-sofia.bg +</a> +</font> +</a> +<br> +Some delay is possible due to +greylisting. + +<h2>Benefits</h2> +<ul> +<li> + one process (instead of many) using + minimal <a href="#Resources">resources</a> +</li><li> + work with different <a href="#Login">login</a> applications +<br> + can start any program with arbitrary arguments +</li><li> + easy to start by + <a href="#Init_d"><tt>init.d</tt></a> +or + <a href="#Inittab"><tt>/etc/inittab</tt></a><br> + easy to start by other <a href="#Init">init</a> systems +</li><li> + makes <b>utmp/wtmp</b> records<br> + no need of <b>ngetty</b>-monitoring by some other process +</li><li> + easy to setup modifying <tt>/etc/ngetty/Conf[.sed]</tt> +</li><li> + modular (<tt>ngetty-helper</tt> and + <tt>ngetty-argv</tt>) +</li><li> + easy to upgrade <tt>ngetty-helper</tt><br> + <tt>cp /path/to/new/ngetty-helper /sbin</tt> +</li><li> + uses minimal <tt>libc</tt> library functions<br> + easy to build by + <a href=http://www.fefe.de/dietlibc/>dietlibc</a> - + <tt>make CC='diet -Os gcc'</tt> +</li><li> + small code size with <a href=guarantee.html>security</a> guarantee +<li> +</ul> + +<h2>Install</h2> +Ready to use binary packages are +<a href=binary/>here</a>. +I prepared them using +<pre> + make package CC='diet -Os gcc -W' + make rpm +</pre> + +If you have +<a href=http://www.fefe.de/dietlibc/> +dietlibc</a> already installed do +<pre> + wget http://riemann.fmi.uni-sofia.bg/ngetty/ngetty-1.1.tar.gz + gzip -dc ngetty-1.1.tar.gz | tar -xv + cd ngetty-1.1 + # Read the ngetty.8 manual page (man ./ngetty.8) + # Browse lib.h (check if the LOGIN path is correct!) + # Edit Makefile to taste + make CC='diet -Os gcc -W' + make install + # If you want to install some additional programs do: + make install_other +</pre> +To compile <tt>ngetty</tt> with glibc skip <tt>CC=...</tt> above. +<pre> + make + make install +</pre> +It is possible to do also +<pre> + make dietbuild + make install +</pre> +Last download and install dietlibc in current dir and then +compile ngetty. It takes +1-2 minutes to build dietlibc (depends on how fast ist your CPU). +See also <a href=pr_other.html>here</a>. + +<h2>Post install</h2> +Browse the files: <tt>/etc/ngetty/Conf[.sed], /etc/ngetty/sample.Conf</tt> +<br> +<a name="Init_d"> +Execute <tt>./init.d/ngetty start</tt></a> +<br> +If all is right you'll have working terminals on +<br> +<tt>/dev/tty{8|9|10}</tt> or <tt>/dev/vc/{8|9|10}</tt> +<br> +Try to login/logout on some of them. +<p> + Some logins requires the TTY variable. Set it in + <tt>/etc/ngetty/Conf</tt>. + How to do this see the +<a href=ngetty.man>manual</a> page of ngetty. Examples: +<pre> + tty4=environ=,TERM=linux,TTY=/dev/tty4 + tty5=environ=,TERM=linux,TTY=/dev/tty5 + tty6=environ=,TERM=linux,TTY=/dev/tty6 +</pre> +If you can login in the system then +you can make ngetty default. +</br> +You have to edit +<tt>/etc/inittab</tt> file. +<p> +Do this in two steps. Fist comment default getty on +<tt>tty{4|5|6}</tt> +<br> +and edit +<tt>/etc/inittab</tt> like next: +<pre> + 1:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty1 + 2:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty2 + 3:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty3 + # 4:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty4 + # 5:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty5 + # 6:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty6 + + # Run ngetty in standard run-levels + ng:2345:respawn:/sbin/ngetty 4 5 6 +</pre> +If your <tt>/etc/inittab</tt> have different entries only comment +the last three of them and add two lines for ngetty as above. +Now it's time to reboot the computer. After the reboot +try to login/logout on <tt>tty{4|5|6}</tt>. +<p> +<a name=Inittab> +If it is successful change <tt>/etc/inittab</tt></a> +like: +<pre> + # 1:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty1 + # 2:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty2 + # 3:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty3 + # 4:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty4 + # 5:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty5 + # 6:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty6 + + # Run ngetty in standard run-levels + ng:2345:respawn:/sbin/ngetty 1 2 3 4 5 6 +</pre> +and reboot again. +<br> +That's all. You will have one ngetty instead of six +<tt>{a|f|min}getty</tt>. +<br> +If <tt>ngetty</tt> is compiled with dietlibc it will use 16k RAM only. +<p> +<font color=red>WARNING</font>: +May be it's possible to make all without reboot. I don't use +<tt>/sbin/init</tt> and don't know how to do this. The manual page +<b>init</b>(8) says to use <tt>kill -HUP 1</tt> + + +<h2><a name="Init">Using ngetty with other init systems</a></h2> +If you use +<a href=http://www.fefe.de/minit/>minit</a> or +<a href=/ninit/>ninit</a> you have +to make one new service <tt>ngetty</tt>, include it in +<br> +<tt>default/depends</tt> and comment running <tt>getty</tt> +there. +<p> +The preparation of service <tt>ngetty</tt> is simple: +<pre> + mkdir /etc/ninit/ngetty + cd /etc/ninit/ngetty + ( echo '' ; echo TERM=linux ) > environ + ( for f in 1 2 3 4 5 6 ; do echo $f ; done ) > params + ln -s /sbin/ngetty run +</pre> +You can use ngetty also with <a href=http://smarden.org/runit/>runit</a>. +Start it as ordinary service. Since ngetty does utmp/wtmp records there +is no need ot any additional setup. + +<h2><a name="Login">Using ngetty with other logins</a></h2> +Ngetty uses the deafult <tt>/bin/login</tt> program. +It's easy to use another login also. +<br> +My login program is +<a href=/programs/nlogin-0.3-pre.tar.gz>here</a>. +Copy it to <tt>/bin/nlogin</tt> and add in +<tt>/etc/ngetty/Conf</tt> +<pre> +=login-prog=/bin/nlogin +</pre> + +It's possible to start any program with arbitrary arguments using +<tt>ngetty-argv</tt> helper. +<br> +To use ngetty with <a href=http://www.fefe.de/fgetty/>fgetty</a> +logins add in <tt>/etc/ngetty/Conf</tt> +<pre> +=echo-off +=login-prog=/bin/login1 + on debian system replace login1 with fgetty-login +</pre> + +I still use +startx script with my <a href=/programs/xinit.c>xinit.c</a>. + +<p> +<hr> + +Author: Nikola Vladov +<p> +Send comments and suggestions using +ngetty +<a +href=#List>mailing-list</a> +or +<a href=/email.html>qform</a>. +<p> +Last modified: 26 May 2010. +<br> +Some <a href=comments.txt>comments</a> about ngetty. +</body> +</html> |