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<html>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
<title>ngetty</title>
<body>
<div class="top">
<ul class="nav">
<li><a href="all.html">All files</a>
</ul>
<h1>ngetty - one daemon for all virtual consoles</h1>
<div class="endtop"></div>
</div>
<table>
<ul>
<td>
<li>
<a href=/ngetty/old/ngetty-1.0.tar.gz>
ngetty-1.0.tar.gz</a> (old)
</li><li>
<a href=/ngetty/ngetty-1.1.tar.gz>
ngetty-1.1.tar.gz</a> (stable)
</li><li>
<a href=all.html>Index</a>
</li>
</ul>
</td><td>
<ul>
<li>
Manual <a href=/ngetty/ngetty.man> page</a>
</li><li>
Other <a href=/ngetty/pr_other.html> programs</a>
</li><li>
Binary <a href=/ngetty/binary/> packages</a>
</li>
</ul>
</td><td>
<ul>
<li>
Recent <a href=News.txt>news</a>
</li><li>
Security <a href=guarantee.html>guarantee</a>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</table>
<h2>About</h2>
<b>ngetty</b> is a daemon that starts login sessions on virtual console
terminals, on demand. It is a good replacement for all those getty
processes started from init that, most of the time, are only taking up
memory. When compiled statically with dietlibc, the ngetty binary
size is only about 2k and uses considerably less
<a href="pr_other.html#Memory">memory</a>
than a getty. See pstree <a href=ps_tree>here</a>.
<a name="Resources">
<pre>
riemann$ ps uww -C ngetty
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 145 0.0 0.0 8 8 ? Ss Jan05 0:00 ngetty 1 2 3 4
</pre>
</a>
Ngetty is designed to stop including <b>getty-like</b> code
in init programs.
<br>
I used source and ideas from
<a href=http://sites.google.com/site/anbadeol/logind>logind</a>.
Many thanks, Andre!
<p>
<a name=List>
There is a
mailing list
for ngetty. To subscribe,
send an empty message
to <br>
<font size=+1>
<a href=
mailto:ngetty-subscribe@riemann.fmi.uni-sofia.bg
>
ngetty-subscribe@riemann.fmi.uni-sofia.bg
</a>
</font>
</a>
<br>
Some delay is possible due to
greylisting.
<h2>Benefits</h2>
<ul>
<li>
one process (instead of many) using
minimal <a href="#Resources">resources</a>
</li><li>
work with different <a href="#Login">login</a> applications
<br>
can start any program with arbitrary arguments
</li><li>
easy to start by
<a href="#Init_d"><tt>init.d</tt></a>
or
<a href="#Inittab"><tt>/etc/inittab</tt></a><br>
easy to start by other <a href="#Init">init</a> systems
</li><li>
makes <b>utmp/wtmp</b> records<br>
no need of <b>ngetty</b>-monitoring by some other process
</li><li>
easy to setup modifying <tt>/etc/ngetty/Conf[.sed]</tt>
</li><li>
modular (<tt>ngetty-helper</tt> and
<tt>ngetty-argv</tt>)
</li><li>
easy to upgrade <tt>ngetty-helper</tt><br>
<tt>cp /path/to/new/ngetty-helper /sbin</tt>
</li><li>
uses minimal <tt>libc</tt> library functions<br>
easy to build by
<a href=http://www.fefe.de/dietlibc/>dietlibc</a> -
<tt>make CC='diet -Os gcc'</tt>
</li><li>
small code size with <a href=guarantee.html>security</a> guarantee
<li>
</ul>
<h2>Install</h2>
Ready to use binary packages are
<a href=binary/>here</a>.
I prepared them using
<pre>
make package CC='diet -Os gcc -W'
make rpm
</pre>
If you have
<a href=http://www.fefe.de/dietlibc/>
dietlibc</a> already installed do
<pre>
wget http://riemann.fmi.uni-sofia.bg/ngetty/ngetty-1.1.tar.gz
gzip -dc ngetty-1.1.tar.gz | tar -xv
cd ngetty-1.1
# Read the ngetty.8 manual page (man ./ngetty.8)
# Browse lib.h (check if the LOGIN path is correct!)
# Edit Makefile to taste
make CC='diet -Os gcc -W'
make install
# If you want to install some additional programs do:
make install_other
</pre>
To compile <tt>ngetty</tt> with glibc skip <tt>CC=...</tt> above.
<pre>
make
make install
</pre>
It is possible to do also
<pre>
make dietbuild
make install
</pre>
Last download and install dietlibc in current dir and then
compile ngetty. It takes
1-2 minutes to build dietlibc (depends on how fast ist your CPU).
See also <a href=pr_other.html>here</a>.
<h2>Post install</h2>
Browse the files: <tt>/etc/ngetty/Conf[.sed], /etc/ngetty/sample.Conf</tt>
<br>
<a name="Init_d">
Execute <tt>./init.d/ngetty start</tt></a>
<br>
If all is right you'll have working terminals on
<br>
<tt>/dev/tty{8|9|10}</tt> or <tt>/dev/vc/{8|9|10}</tt>
<br>
Try to login/logout on some of them.
<p>
Some logins requires the TTY variable. Set it in
<tt>/etc/ngetty/Conf</tt>.
How to do this see the
<a href=ngetty.man>manual</a> page of ngetty. Examples:
<pre>
tty4=environ=,TERM=linux,TTY=/dev/tty4
tty5=environ=,TERM=linux,TTY=/dev/tty5
tty6=environ=,TERM=linux,TTY=/dev/tty6
</pre>
If you can login in the system then
you can make ngetty default.
</br>
You have to edit
<tt>/etc/inittab</tt> file.
<p>
Do this in two steps. Fist comment default getty on
<tt>tty{4|5|6}</tt>
<br>
and edit
<tt>/etc/inittab</tt> like next:
<pre>
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty1
2:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty2
3:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty3
# 4:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty4
# 5:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty5
# 6:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty6
# Run ngetty in standard run-levels
ng:2345:respawn:/sbin/ngetty 4 5 6
</pre>
If your <tt>/etc/inittab</tt> have different entries only comment
the last three of them and add two lines for ngetty as above.
Now it's time to reboot the computer. After the reboot
try to login/logout on <tt>tty{4|5|6}</tt>.
<p>
<a name=Inittab>
If it is successful change <tt>/etc/inittab</tt></a>
like:
<pre>
# 1:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty1
# 2:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty2
# 3:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty3
# 4:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty4
# 5:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty5
# 6:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty6
# Run ngetty in standard run-levels
ng:2345:respawn:/sbin/ngetty 1 2 3 4 5 6
</pre>
and reboot again.
<br>
That's all. You will have one ngetty instead of six
<tt>{a|f|min}getty</tt>.
<br>
If <tt>ngetty</tt> is compiled with dietlibc it will use 16k RAM only.
<p>
<font color=red>WARNING</font>:
May be it's possible to make all without reboot. I don't use
<tt>/sbin/init</tt> and don't know how to do this. The manual page
<b>init</b>(8) says to use <tt>kill -HUP 1</tt>
<h2><a name="Init">Using ngetty with other init systems</a></h2>
If you use
<a href=http://www.fefe.de/minit/>minit</a> or
<a href=/ninit/>ninit</a> you have
to make one new service <tt>ngetty</tt>, include it in
<br>
<tt>default/depends</tt> and comment running <tt>getty</tt>
there.
<p>
The preparation of service <tt>ngetty</tt> is simple:
<pre>
mkdir /etc/ninit/ngetty
cd /etc/ninit/ngetty
( echo '' ; echo TERM=linux ) > environ
( for f in 1 2 3 4 5 6 ; do echo $f ; done ) > params
ln -s /sbin/ngetty run
</pre>
You can use ngetty also with <a href=http://smarden.org/runit/>runit</a>.
Start it as ordinary service. Since ngetty does utmp/wtmp records there
is no need ot any additional setup.
<h2><a name="Login">Using ngetty with other logins</a></h2>
Ngetty uses the deafult <tt>/bin/login</tt> program.
It's easy to use another login also.
<br>
My login program is
<a href=/programs/nlogin-0.3-pre.tar.gz>here</a>.
Copy it to <tt>/bin/nlogin</tt> and add in
<tt>/etc/ngetty/Conf</tt>
<pre>
=login-prog=/bin/nlogin
</pre>
It's possible to start any program with arbitrary arguments using
<tt>ngetty-argv</tt> helper.
<br>
To use ngetty with <a href=http://www.fefe.de/fgetty/>fgetty</a>
logins add in <tt>/etc/ngetty/Conf</tt>
<pre>
=echo-off
=login-prog=/bin/login1
on debian system replace login1 with fgetty-login
</pre>
I still use
startx script with my <a href=/programs/xinit.c>xinit.c</a>.
<p>
<hr>
Author: Nikola Vladov
<p>
Send comments and suggestions using
ngetty
<a
href=#List>mailing-list</a>
or
<a href=/email.html>qform</a>.
<p>
Last modified: 26 May 2010.
<br>
Some <a href=comments.txt>comments</a> about ngetty.
</body>
</html>
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